{"id":2748,"date":"2024-01-21T15:13:11","date_gmt":"2024-01-21T12:13:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/?p=2748"},"modified":"2024-01-21T15:32:12","modified_gmt":"2024-01-21T12:32:12","slug":"ogrenci-faaliyeti-cevirileri-kuresel-guneyde-kayit-disi-iscilik-ve-enternasyonel-emek-hareketi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/2024\/01\/21\/ogrenci-faaliyeti-cevirileri-kuresel-guneyde-kayit-disi-iscilik-ve-enternasyonel-emek-hareketi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6\u011frenci Faaliyeti \u00c7evirileri | K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney\u2019de Kay\u0131t D\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilik ve Enternasyonel Emek Hareketi – Joshua Lew McDermott"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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Samir Amin, vefat etmi\u015f Afrikanist, Marksist ve devrimci teorisyen, 2019\u2019da \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u2018\u2019Proletarya, en \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ortadan kayboluyormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.\u2019\u2019 Samir bu dedi\u011finde hakl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn,\u00a0k\u00fcresel\u00a0Kuzey\u2019deki bir s\u00fcr\u00fc Marksist ve emek-bilimciler aras\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n emek g\u00fcc\u00fc segmentlerinin en b\u00fcy\u00fckleri, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olarak, nadiren i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r ya da kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bahsetti\u011fim i\u015f\u00e7i segmenti,\u00a0kay\u0131t\u00a0d\u0131\u015f\u0131\u00a0i\u015f\u00e7ilerdir \u2013 \u00f6zellikle\u00a0k\u00fcresel\u00a0G\u00fcney ve Afrika\u2019daki\u00a0kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyadaki i\u015f\u00e7ilerin %61\u2019ini kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler olu\u015fturur. Bu kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler, evrensel gayri safi yurt i\u00e7i has\u0131lan\u0131n 3\u2019te birini olu\u015fturur. K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney\u2019de, bu oran daha da y\u00fcksek. Bat\u0131 Afrika, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n herhangi bir b\u00f6lgesine k\u0131yasla en \u00e7ok kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iye sahip olan b\u00f6lgedir. Bat\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkesi olan Sierra Leone\u2019un i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin %92,5\u2019i kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 emek, herhangi bir devlet g\u00fcvencesi i\u00e7in zorunlu\/kodlanm\u0131\u015f d\u00fczenleme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u2018gelir art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 emek\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler, k\u00fcresel G\u00fcney\u2019in sokaklar\u0131nda in\u015faat i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finden taksicili\u011fe, ev yap\u0131m\u0131 yemek sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadar her i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler, devlet taraf\u0131ndan formalize edilmi\u015f i\u015f\u00e7i korumalar\u0131na ve resmi bir tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011fa sahip de\u011fillerdir, ayr\u0131ca kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler, formalize edilmi\u015flere ba\u011fl\u0131 \u2018sosyal sigorta\u2019, \u2018i\u015fsizlik g\u00fcvencesi\u2019 gibi sosyal g\u00fcvencelerden de yoksundur. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin fakirlik i\u00e7inde ya\u015famas\u0131 \u00e7ok ola\u011fand\u0131r ve resmi emekta\u015flar\u0131ndan daha az kazan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nemli Olan ama Umursanmayanlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu i\u015f\u00e7isi, \u00f6nceden resmi i\u015flerden yoksundu. Buna ra\u011fmen, n\u00fcfusun hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcnde ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f Marksist akademisyenler aras\u0131nda, \u2018i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek hareketi\u2019 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, meta \u00fcretimi yapan resmi \u00fccretli i\u015f\u00e7iler, liman i\u015f\u00e7ileri veya kamyon \u015fof\u00f6rleri gibi nispeten yap\u0131sal olarak \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lan di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7iler olarak geleneksel i\u015f\u00e7i kavram\u0131 etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nmektedir. Bunun sonucunda, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler, \u00f6zellikle Afrika\u2019daki kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 oyuncular\u0131 ve emek hareketinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131lda kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonominin kapitalizm \u00f6ncesi ekonomilerden kalma bir olgu oldu\u011fu liberal ekonomistler taraf\u0131ndan uzun s\u00fcre varsay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomi genellikle geleneksel ekonomiyle bir tutulmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca kapitalizmin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve buna e\u015flik eden ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oranlar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neoliberal d\u00f6nemin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi bu varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Neoliberal ekonomistlerin 1980’ler ve 90’larda \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak yerine, neoliberal serbest piyasa politikalar\u0131n\u0131n dayat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve 1970’lerden bu yana K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney ve eski Do\u011fu Blok\u2019unun k\u00fcresel de\u011fer zincirlerine entegrasyonu, d\u00fcnya genelinde kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine de\u011fil, artmas\u0131na veya sabit kalmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6yleyse neden bir\u00e7ok Marksist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n k\u00fcresel i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kesimi oldu\u011funu ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bug\u00fcn\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilebilece\u011fi devrimci potansiyele sahip oldu\u011funu kabul etmekte bu kadar yava\u015f davran\u0131yor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun nedenlerinden biri, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n sadece ge\u00e7im faaliyetleriyle u\u011fra\u015fan serbest meslek sahipleri oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki inat\u00e7\u0131 ve yanl\u0131\u015f varsay\u0131md\u0131r. Bat\u0131 Afrika’da kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 34’\u00fc asl\u0131nda emek\u00e7ilerdir. Bu da ba\u015fta Meksika ve Do\u011fu Asya’daki at\u00f6lyeler olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnyadaki milyonlarca sanayi i\u015f\u00e7isinin, end\u00fcstriyel meta \u00fcretimi yapan kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci ve belki de daha \u00f6nemli bir neden, serbest meslek sahibi kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ge\u00e7im faaliyetlerinin bir \u015fekilde kapitalist dinamiklerle ve k\u00fcresel kapitalist sistemin yeniden \u00fcretimiyle ilgisiz ya da d\u0131\u015fsal oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Buradaki fikir, bug\u00fcn K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney’in kentlerinde her yerde bulunan yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyar sokak sat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, sermaye birikiminin daha geni\u015f dinamiklerinden yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n ge\u00e7im faaliyetleri bir bo\u015fluk i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmiyor. Burada* tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m gibi, Afrika’daki sokak sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 asl\u0131nda kapitalistler i\u00e7in k\u00e2r\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinde ayr\u0131ca yerel ve k\u00fcresel i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal yeniden \u00fcretiminde \u00f6nemli roller \u00fcstlenmektedir. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler, Afrika’daki \u00e7\u0131kar temelli ekonomileri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmakta ve k\u00fcresel jeopolitik sistemin siyasi yeniden \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*<\/em><\/strong>Understanding<\/em><\/strong> West <\/em><\/strong>Africa\u2019s<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/strong>informal<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/strong>workers<\/em><\/strong> as <\/em><\/strong>working<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/strong>class<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/03056244.2021.1967734<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son olarak, Kuzeyli Marksistler, emek akademisyenleri ve kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler k\u00fcresel proletaryan\u0131n \u00fcyeleri olarak kabul edilseler bile, \u00f6nemli emek hareketi akt\u00f6rleri olmak i\u00e7in gerekli sosyal ko\u015fullardan ve yap\u0131sal g\u00fc\u00e7ten yoksun olduklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015f ya da kuvvetle ima etmi\u015flerdir. Bu varsay\u0131m\u0131n bir nedeni, kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sadece end\u00fcstriyel yedek ordunun \u00fcyeleri oldu\u011fu ve tek i\u015flevlerinin do\u011frudan sermaye taraf\u0131ndan istihdam edilen i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fccretlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir. Ancak yedek sanayi ordusu (ya da art\u0131k insanl\u0131k) kavram\u0131, Marksist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede en az geli\u015fmi\u015f ve en az kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kavramlardan biridir. En k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, baz\u0131 Marksist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler ve devrimciler, i\u015fsizleri ve kentli kitleleri l\u00fcmpen proletarya olarak nitelendirerek, bu kitlelerin do\u011falar\u0131 gere\u011fi gerici politikalara e\u011filimli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu nedenle i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi taraf\u0131ndan ihtiyatla ve hatta alay edilerek ele al\u0131nmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n emek hareketinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, periferisinde ya da \u00f6nemsiz olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi klasik ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f Bat\u0131 Marksist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin genelinde mevcuttur. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarz\u0131 belki de en iyi \u015fekilde Erik Olin Wright’\u0131n analitik Marksizm’i ile ili\u015fkilendirilen ve emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc incelemeye y\u00f6nelik bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olan “G\u00fc\u00e7 Kaynaklar\u0131 Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 “n\u0131n savunucular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan temsil edilmekte ve savunulmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7 kaynaklar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re, yaln\u0131zca ula\u015f\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fc gibi stratejik \u00f6neme sahip i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler kapitalizmi y\u0131kmak ve egemen s\u0131n\u0131fa kayda de\u011fer bir \u015fekilde meydan okumak i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00fcce sahiptir. Enformel i\u015f\u00e7iler, \u00f6zellikle de sokak sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, b\u00f6ylebir g\u00fcce sahip de\u011fildir ve belki de sadece i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00f6nemli kesimlerine \u00f6nemsiz m\u00fcttefikler olarak hizmet edebilirler<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, \u00fcretimin merkezile\u015fmesi ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ortak bir d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015fik bir s\u0131n\u0131f olarak sosyal olarak b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftikleri at\u00f6lyezemininde bir araya gelmelerinin gerektirdi\u011fi demografik ve co\u011frafi zorunlulu\u011fun, devrimci s\u0131n\u0131f bilincinin ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131ngeli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in bir gereklilik oldu\u011fu uzun zamand\u0131r tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin devrimci bir s\u0131n\u0131fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeki\u00e7in gerekli ko\u015fullardan yoksun oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin s\u00fcrekli olarak g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesine ve eksik kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an arg\u00fcmanlar \u015fu \u015fekildedir: kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00e7ok heterojendir; etraf\u0131nda birle\u015febilece\u011fi ortak bir kapitalist d\u00fc\u015fmandan (yani bir patrondan), co\u011frafi bir mek\u00e2ndan (\u00f6rne\u011fin bir fabrika veya i\u015fyeri) ve kendine ait bir s\u0131n\u0131fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilmek i\u00e7in sanayile\u015fme ile modernitenin gerektirdi\u011fi sosyalle\u015fme dinamiklerinden yoksundur. Dahas\u0131, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olsalar bile emek ve sermaye aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadelede etkili veya \u00f6nemli akt\u00f6rler olmak i\u00e7in gerekli her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yap\u0131sal g\u00fc\u00e7ten mahrumlard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i olarak kabul etmek ya da onlar\u0131 \u00f6nemli i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi akt\u00f6rleri olarak tan\u0131mlamak, bo\u015fa k\u00fcrek \u00e7ekmektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak bu varsay\u0131mlar deneysel, teorik ve stratejik gerek\u00e7elerle reddedilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En \u00f6nemli ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 sarsan devrimci de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirenler tam da i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n “yap\u0131sal olarak en zay\u0131f” oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lan bu kesimleridir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc’nde, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk proletarya diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kuranlar yoksulla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Parisli kitlelerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha yak\u0131n zamanda, Arap Bahar\u0131’nda, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir i\u015f\u00e7i olarak her g\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvencesizlik ve bask\u0131y\u0131 protesto etmek i\u00e7in kendini yakt\u0131ktan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirilen b\u00f6lgesel devrimler zincirini ba\u015flatan serbest meslek sahibi meyve sat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>Muhammed Buazizi\u2019ydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nijerya’da, Nijerya Kay\u0131t D\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar Federasyonu \u00fclkenin d\u00fczenli bir bi\u00e7imde en radikal ve ilerici \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinden biridir. Liberya ve Sierra Leone’de kad\u0131n pazar i\u015f\u00e7ileri uzun zamand\u0131r kitlesel grevlerin, protestolar\u0131n ve Freetown, Monrovia gibi \u015fehirleri fel\u00e7 edebilen sokak blokajlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve birincil \u00f6rg\u00fctleyicileri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f bilinci ve sosyalle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in gerekli ko\u015fullara gelince-Afrika \u015fehirlerinin sokaklar\u0131ndaki pazar yerleri, sosyal kul\u00fcpler ve geleneksel topluluklar- bunlar, tipik bir Bat\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcn\u00fcn izole, atomize Bat\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda hayal edebilece\u011finden daha fazla sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Neredeyse her Bat\u0131 Afrika \u015fehrinin mahallelerinde bolca bulunan \u00e7ay evleri gibi yerler, siyasi radikalle\u015fme ve hareket in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli sosyal alanlar olarak hizmet edebilir ve etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha da vahimi, Marksistler yaln\u0131zca sanayile\u015fmi\u015f, formelle\u015fmi\u015f bir i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bilincine ve devrimci de\u011fi\u015fim yaratma g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011funu varsayarlarsa, kendilerini hem ilgisizli\u011fe hem de yenilgiye mahk\u00fbm etmi\u015f olurlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ABD’de ve di\u011fer merkez \u00fclkelerde sanayisizle\u015fme, offshore outsourcing ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne ve “gig ekonomisine” d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi, geleneksel s\u0131n\u0131f bilinci ve s\u0131n\u0131f g\u00fcc\u00fc kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k ge\u00e7erli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn k\u00fcresel i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, 19. ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki sanayile\u015fmi\u015f i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ancak bu, umutsuzlu\u011fa kap\u0131lmak ya da i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek hareketine ili\u015fkin eski, yanl\u0131\u015f ve genellikle Avrupa merkezci kavramlara sar\u0131lmak i\u00e7in bir neden de\u011fildir. Tek yapmam\u0131z gereken analiz ve stratejilerimizi, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olan d\u00fcnya i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin ger\u00e7ek do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 ve taleplerini yans\u0131tacak ve bunlara yan\u0131t verecek hale getirmektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Samir Amin, vefat etmi\u015f Afrikanist, Marksist ve devrimci teorisyen, 2019\u2019da \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u2018\u2019Proletarya, en \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ortadan kayboluyormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.\u2019\u2019 Samir bu dedi\u011finde hakl\u0131yd\u0131. Bug\u00fcn,\u00a0k\u00fcresel\u00a0Kuzey\u2019deki bir s\u00fcr\u00fc Marksist ve emek-bilimciler aras\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n emek g\u00fcc\u00fc segmentlerinin en b\u00fcy\u00fckleri, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olarak, nadiren i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r ya da kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bahsetti\u011fim i\u015f\u00e7i segmenti,\u00a0kay\u0131t\u00a0d\u0131\u015f\u0131\u00a0i\u015f\u00e7ilerdir \u2013 \u00f6zellikle\u00a0k\u00fcresel\u00a0G\u00fcney ve Afrika\u2019daki\u00a0kay\u0131t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2749,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[147,40,1],"tags":[151,120,152,77,153],"class_list":["post-2748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ceviriler","category-dunyadan-haberler","category-genel","tag-ceviri","tag-faaliyet","tag-isci","tag-ogrenci","tag-somuru"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2748","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2748"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2748\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2754,"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2748\/revisions\/2754"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}