Kendi \u00fcniversitesinin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda bask\u0131na u\u011frayan Miguel de Unamuno \u2018i\u015fgalciler\u2019in \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 alt\u0131nda, \u015fu tarihsel konu\u015fmay\u0131 yapar:<\/p>\n
\u2018Hepiniz, benim, susmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 ve susmayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 biliyorsunuz. Yetmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00f6mr\u00fcmde susmay\u0131, suskun kalmay\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenemedim.\u2019<\/p>\n
Sevgili Rona Aybay Hoca\u2019n\u0131n 24 May\u0131s 2012\u2019de bu s\u00fctunlarda yay\u0131mlanan yaz\u0131s\u0131, pek \u00e7ok yap\u0131t\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye de \u00e7evrilen fakat gere\u011fince tan\u0131nmayan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130spanyol Direni\u015f\u00e7isi Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Miguel de Unamuno\u2019nun soylu ve y\u00fcce an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tazelememize vesile olabilir.<\/p>\n
Miguel de Unamuno (29 Eyl\u00fcl 1864, Bilbao – 31 Aral\u0131k 1936) yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda ilgilendi\u011fi hemen her alanda damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015f bir \u0130spanyol romanc\u0131s\u0131, \u015fairi, dilbilimcisi, tiyatrocusu, ele\u015ftirmeni ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130spanyol k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6z\u00fcmsemekle yetinmemi\u015f, \u201canadili gibi\u201d 14 dili bilmekteydi. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7emese de o \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde kendisini se\u00e7mi\u015f ve konumunu belirlemi\u015f, iki b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f aras\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck kavgas\u0131nda, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fclerin yan\u0131nda de\u011fil, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin ve demokrasinin Cumhuriyet\u00e7i cephesinde yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cumhuriyete ve onun de\u011ferlerine \u00f6ylesine i\u00e7ten, \u00f6ylesine kararl\u0131l\u0131kla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ki, Falanjistlerin katletti\u011fi Frederico Garcia Lorca\u2019n\u0131n ak\u0131beti bile onu cayd\u0131rmam\u0131\u015f, tam tersine, rekt\u00f6r\u00fc oldu\u011fu Salamanca \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ni demokrasinin ve Cumhuriyetin kalesi olarak alg\u0131lamak istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1931\u2019de kurulan Cumhuriyete kendini adayan Unamuno, 1936\u2019da ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 General Franco\u2019nun \u00e7ekti\u011fi fa\u015fist hareket, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc demokratik Cumhuriyete ba\u015f kald\u0131r\u0131nca, kendini \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek olan \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7inde ve bilim-k\u00fclt\u00fcr cephesinin en \u00f6n saflar\u0131nda bulur.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f, ad\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde, cephesi belirsiz bir sava\u015f. Zaferi ya da yenilgiyi, (sivil) toplumun her alan\u0131nda bireysel tav\u0131rlar, teslimiyetler ve direnmelerin belirleyece\u011fi bir sava\u015f. \u0130deolojilerin belirleyici oldu\u011fu bir sava\u015f. \u0130\u015fte, bu \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131 olan 1936\u2019da Miguel de Unamuno, Cumhuriyetin g\u00f6revlendirmesi ile Salamanca \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin rekt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapmaktad\u0131r. Ne var ki, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en eski ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc \u00fcniversitelerinden biri olan Salamanca \u00dcniversitesi, Falanjistlerin ilerlemesi sonucu, milliyet\u00e7i ku\u015fatman\u0131n i\u00e7inde bir Cumhuriyet\u00e7i adac\u0131k olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve her f\u0131rsatta taciz edilmekte, k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki olay i\u015fte bu k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtman\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Cumhuriyet kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 orduda ve Falanjist \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler i\u00e7inde yuvalanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r ve Cumhuriyeti devirmek i\u00e7in bin bir komplo, bin bir entrika tezg\u00e2hlamaktad\u0131rlar. Franco yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n etki alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan ve Miguel de Unamuno\u2019nun rekt\u00f6r\u00fc oldu\u011fu Salamanca \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck amfisinde 12 Ekim 1936\u2019da rekt\u00f6r\u00fcn izni olmaks\u0131z\u0131n bir \u2018Irk \u015eenli\u011fi\u2019 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u015eenli\u011fin onur konuklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, daha sonra iyice \u00fcnlenecek olan o mahut Caudillo\u2019nun kar\u0131s\u0131 Dona Carmen Franco da vard\u0131r.
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn o davetli resmi erk\u00e2n\u0131n ve bindirilmi\u015f kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131kan Francocu General Millan-Astray, Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131 ile \u201c\u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f tehlikeleri\u201d say\u0131p d\u00f6ken ve fa\u015fizmi \u00f6ven bir konu\u015fma yapar ve konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, co\u015fturulmu\u015f kalabal\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131k s\u0131k tekrarlanan \u201cViva la muerta! – Ya\u015fas\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm!\u201d nidalar\u0131 ile bitirir.<\/p>\n
Kendi \u00fcniversitesinin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda b\u00f6ylesi bir bask\u0131na u\u011frayan Miguel de Unamuno, kendinden emin, kararl\u0131 ad\u0131mlarla ve s\u00f6z almaks\u0131z\u0131n, generalin ard\u0131ndan k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131kar, olu\u015fan bir \u00f6l\u00fcm sessizli\u011fi i\u00e7inde ve \u201ci\u015fgalciler\u201din \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 alt\u0131nda, \u015fu tarihsel konu\u015fmay\u0131 yapar:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u015eimdi benim burada ne s\u00f6yleyece\u011fimi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir merakla bekledi\u011finizi biliyorum. Beni tan\u0131yorsunuz, beni biliyorsunuz. Hepiniz, benim, susmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 ve susmayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 biliyorsunuz. Yetmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00f6mr\u00fcmde susmay\u0131, suskun kalmay\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenemedim. Ve bug\u00fcn de \u00f6\u011frenmek istemiyorum suskun ve sessiz kalmay\u0131. Baz\u0131 durumlar vard\u0131r ki, orada susmak, yalan s\u00f6ylemektir. Zira s\u00fck\u00fbt, ikrar olarak yorumlanabilir. Bug\u00fcne kadar i\u00e7imde daima birbiri ile tutarl\u0131 bir uyum i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayagelen s\u00f6z\u00fcm ile vicdan\u0131m aras\u0131nda bir bo\u015fanmaya asla izin veremem. K\u0131sa konu\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. S\u00fcslemesiz ve dolamba\u00e7l\u0131 c\u00fcmleler olmaks\u0131z\u0131n dile geldi\u011finde ger\u00e7ek, daha bir ger\u00e7ektir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, biraz \u00f6nce dinledi\u011fimiz ve \u015fu an aram\u0131zda bulunan Genaral Millan-Astray\u2019in konu\u015fmas\u0131na, – e\u011fer buna bir s\u00f6ylev denebilirse- birka\u00e7 \u015fey eklemek istiyorum.<\/p>\n
Basklara ve Katalanlara ili\u015fkin iftira ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamalar y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7inde ki\u015fili\u011fime y\u00f6nelik olanlar\u0131 bir yana koyal\u0131m\u2026 Marazi ve anlamdan yoksun bir \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k dinledim: \u2018Ya\u015fas\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm!\u2019 Ben ki, \u00f6mr\u00fcm\u00fc, anlam\u0131n\u0131 kavrayamayanlar\u0131n t\u00fcylerini diken diken eden paradokslar\u0131 hale yola koyup a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla ge\u00e7irdim, uzman kimli\u011fimle, bu barbar paradoksun benim i\u00e7in tiksindirici oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeliyim. General Millan-Astray bir maluld\u00fcr. Bunu, kaba bir art d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce olmaks\u0131z\u0131n vurgulayal\u0131m. Kendisi ger\u00e7ek bir harp malul\u00fcd\u00fcr. Cervantes de bir harp malul\u00fc idi. Bug\u00fcn \u0130spanya\u2019da, ne yaz\u0131k ki, \u00e7ok fazla sakat kimse vard\u0131r. Ve e\u011fer Tanr\u0131 bize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaz ise yak\u0131n bir gelecekte, maalesef daha pek \u00e7ok sakat insan\u0131m\u0131z olacak. General Millan-Astray\u2019in bir kitle psikolojisinin temellerini atmakta oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, bana ac\u0131 veriyor. Cervantes\u2019in ruh b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip olmayan bir malul, bu kompleksinden kurtulup rahatlamay\u0131, genellikle ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n da sakat kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakta arar.<\/p>\n
Yenmek ikna etmek demek de\u011fildir; aslolan \u00f6nce ikna etmektir; oysa duyguya ve tutkuya yeterince yer vermeyen kin, hi\u00e7bir zaman ikna edemez. Siz yeneceksiniz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc siz, gerekli olandan daha fazla kaba kuvvete sahipsiniz. Ama kand\u0131ramayacak, inand\u0131ramayacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Zira, inand\u0131rabilmeniz i\u00e7in, ikna edebilmeniz gerekli. Oysa ikna etmek i\u00e7in, size, sizde bulunmayan iki \u015fey gerekir: Ak\u0131l ve m\u00fccadelede hakl\u0131l\u0131k. Sizi \u0130spanya\u2019y\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rman\u0131n, \u0130spanya i\u00e7in tasalanman\u0131z\u0131 beklemenin bir yarar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun beyhude bir \u00e7aba oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Bu kadar!\u201d<\/p>\n
General Millan-Astray\u2019in, oturdu\u011fu yerden, \u201cKahrolsun zek\u00e2, Kahrolsun ak\u0131l!\u201d nidalar\u0131 ile s\u0131k s\u0131k kesti\u011fi ve co\u015fturulmu\u015f amfiye yuhallatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Miguel de Unamuno k\u00fcrs\u00fcden inerken fa\u015fist militanlar namlular\u0131n\u0131 ona do\u011frultmu\u015f, General Millan-Astray\u2019\u0131n bir i\u015faretini beklemektedirler. Tam o s\u0131rada Dona Carmen Franco\u2019nun aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Unamuno\u2019nun koluna girdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Namlular \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k homurtular\u0131 i\u00e7inde indirilir ve Unamuno amfiden yuhalamalarla \u00e7\u0131kar, evinde g\u00f6z hapsine al\u0131n\u0131r ve 31 Aral\u0131k 1936\u2019da \u00f6l\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ne demi\u015fti b\u00fcy\u00fck Tolstoy: \u201c\u0130nsan sadece uluorta yalan s\u00f6ylemekten sak\u0131nmakla yetinmemeli, susarak yalan s\u00f6ylemekten de ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
Kaynak: Cumhuriyet Gazetesi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kendi \u00fcniversitesinin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda bask\u0131na u\u011frayan Miguel de Unamuno \u2018i\u015fgalciler\u2019in \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 alt\u0131nda, \u015fu tarihsel konu\u015fmay\u0131 yapar: \u2018Hepiniz, benim, susmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 ve susmayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 biliyorsunuz. Yetmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00f6mr\u00fcmde susmay\u0131, suskun kalmay\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenemedim.\u2019 Sevgili Rona Aybay Hoca\u2019n\u0131n 24 May\u0131s 2012\u2019de bu s\u00fctunlarda yay\u0131mlanan yaz\u0131s\u0131, pek \u00e7ok yap\u0131t\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye de \u00e7evrilen fakat gere\u011fince tan\u0131nmayan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130spanyol<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1016,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[147,41,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1015","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ceviriler","category-manset","category-secme-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1015","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1015"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1015\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2690,"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1015\/revisions\/2690"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1015"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1015"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ogrencifaaliyeti.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}